1. Learn the words.
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guide the саг — керувати автомобілем means of turning — засіб повороту steering wheel — рульове колесо steering column — рульова колонка for this purpose — для цієї мети swing (swang, swung) - повертати tie-rod — поперечна тяга rack and pinion assembly — рульовий механізм з рейкою і шестернею leverage - важільний механізм steering gear assembly – рульовий механізм ball joint — кульовий шарнір |
injury - пошкодження front wheels - передні колеса pivot — шарнірv steering knuckle arm - важіль повотного кулака in turn — в свою чергу pitman arm - рульова сошка rack and pinion type - рейково-шестерний тип (рульового механізма) hose — шланг recirculating ball steering – рульовий механізм з кульковою гайкою worm and sector — черв'як і сектор steering box - картер рульового механізму |
2. Read and translate the text.
То guide the car, it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels so that the car can be pointed
in the direction the driver wants to go. The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to
the front wheels for this purpose. The front wheels are on pivots so they can be swung to the left or right. They
are attached by steering knuckle arms to the rods. The tie-rods are, in turn, attached (o (he pitman arm.
When the steering wheel is turned, gearing in the steering gear assembly causes the pitman arm to turn to the
left or right. This movement is carried by the tie-rods to the steering knuckle arms, and wheels, musing them to
turn to the left or right.
The steering system incorporates: the steering wheel and column, steering gear, pitman arm, steering knuckle
arm, front axle, steering knuckle pivot, tie-rods.
There are several different manual steering gears in current use, such as the rack and pinion type and the
recirculating ball type. The rack and pinion steering gear is widely used. Another manual steering gear which is
popular in imported cars is the worm and sector type.
The steering wheel and column are the source of injury to the driver, air bags and other devices being
developed now to safe the life of a driver.
Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel and column from being pushed to the rear as the
front of the car is crushed in an impact.
Energy-absorbing columns must also provide the driver with a tolerable impact as he moves forward and
strikes the wheel with his chest.
3. Answer the questions.
1.What mechanism is necessary to guide the car?_____________________________________________
2.How is the steering wheel connected to the front wheels?______________________________________
3.Why can the front wheels be swung to the left or to the right?__________________________________
4.What does the manual steering system incorporate?___________________________________________
5.What types of manual steering gears in use do you know?________________________________________
4. Translate into Ukrainian.
1.То guide the car it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels.
2.The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for turning the car in
the direction the driver wants to go.
3.Without using the steering system the car moves only in the direct position.
4.Manufacturers can use rack and pinion type steering gear without choosing another type because "rack and
pinion" type steering is very dependable.
5.Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel from being pushed to the rear when the front of the
car is damaged in an impact.