1. Read and learn the following words.
1. railway (Brit.) – залізниця
2. tram-ways – трамвайні шляхи
3. transportation – перевезення; транспорт
4. rails – рейки
high quality oak ~ – ~ з високоякісного дуба cast-iron ~ – чавунні ~
wrought-iron ~ – ~ з кованого заліза shape of ~ – форма ~
cross-section of ~ – поперечний переріз ~ continuous strings of ~ – безперервні рядки ~
5. cross-bars – поперечні бруски timber ~ – дерев’яні ~
6. chairs – рейкові підкладки cast-iron ~ – чавунні ~
7. fish-plates – стикові накладки
8. prototype of a modern track – прототип (аналог) сучасної колії
9. railway communication – залізничне сполучення
10. railway line – залізнична лінія trunk ~ – магістральна ~ branch ~ – ~ вітка
single ~ – однопутна ~ double ~ – двопутна ~
11. speed – швидкість to move at a ~ – рухатися зі ~ to reach a ~ – досягти ~
12. coach – пасажирський вагон a daily ~ – щоденно ~
13. locomotive – локомотив steam ~ – паровий ~ high speed ~ – високошвидкісний ~
14. traction – тяга steam ~ – парова ~
15. advantage – перевага
16. achievement – досягненння
17. investigation – розслідування
18. building materials – будівельні матеріали
19. topics of special attention – питання особливої уваги
20. to lay the foundations – закласти основи
2. Read the text below. Use the words given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
| The Museum of _____ Transport is situated in South London and devoted to the history of public _____ in Great Britain. The first bus _____ in London started in 1829. The buses were drawn by 3 horses and looked like very large _____. The first double _____ was built in 1851, but the_____ deck had no roof, and the _____ were given raincoats or umbrellas if it started _____. In 1829, the Liverpool – Manchester Railway Company offered a prize of Ј 500 for the _____ of the best steam locomotive. The prize was won by a talented English engineer and _____ G.Stephenson, the _____ of a high-speed British, train, the _____ “Rocket”. Now, that “grandfather” of modern super-trains is in the Museum. |
BRITAIN TRANSPORT SERVE CARRY DECK UP PASS RAIN CONSTRUCT INVENT DESIGN FAME |
3. Translate the following sentences with the Absolute Participle Constructions in. Find similar sentences
in the TEXT.
1. Tram-ways were converted into railways, cast-iron being used as a building material for making rails.
2. Jessop worked out a new system of the track, cast-iron chairs being placed between the rails and the cross-
bars. 3. “Fish-plates” having been invented by Adams, rails were easily converted into long strings.
4. The average speed of trains on the Stockton – Darlington Railway was 12 m.p.h., much greater velocity
being reached on the favourable parts of the track. 5. The journey from Stockton to Darlington and back lasted
about 2 hours, each passenger being allowed to take 14 lb. of luggage. 6. New steel-producing works having
been constructed, the mass production of high-quality steel rails began. 7. The engines were tested by the
engineers, all of them being in perfect condition. 8. The size of cars and trains having been increased, it was
necessary to increase the weight of rails. 9. The cars having been coupled, the train was ready to start.